Sector Needs & Cluster Benchmarks Module

Humanitarian Needs & Sector Demands

Granular sector-specific deficit indicators across emergency shelter, safe drinking water, acute food insecurity, child/gender protection, and primary healthcare without synthetic composite indexing.

OCHA HNO & Cluster Evidence

Ethical Humanitarian Scoring Principle: The observatory displays individual sector indicators independently based on verified multi-sector needs assessments (MSNA / OCHA HNO 2024). Missing or unassessed data is never treated as zero or low need. We explicitly reject unweighted composite vulnerability indexes, which dangerously conceal catastrophic single-sector deficits (such as lack of potable water or child protection emergencies) beneath aggregated scores.

OCHA HNO 2024 Benchmarks

Official Cluster Indicators & Sphere Project Benchmarks

Showing 5 of 5 sectors

Emergency Shelter Deficit

Emergency Shelter & Non-Food Items (ES/NFI) Cluster • UNHCR / IOM

62.4%

CRITICAL

Official Benchmark: Sphere Standard: Minimum 3.5 m² of covered living area per person, structurally sound with durable weather envelope.

Percentage of displaced households residing in makeshift emergency structures, damaged residences, open communal hangars, or public schools lacking weatherproofing, privacy, or essential NFI kits (plastic tarpaulins, thermal blankets, jerrycans).

Safe Water Deficit

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Cluster • UNICEF

54.8%

SEVERE

Official Benchmark: Sphere Standard: Minimum 15 liters of potable drinking water per person per day within 500 meters or 15-minute wait.

Percentage of displacement sites where potable drinking water supply is below Sphere minimum standards (<15 liters/person/day) or water collection transit exceeds 30 minutes round-trip.

Acute Food Insecurity (IPC 3+)

Food Security & Agriculture Cluster • WFP / FAO / FEWS NET

48.2%

SEVERE

Official Benchmark: IPC Global Standard: Phase 3 indicates critical food consumption gaps with above-average acute malnutrition and asset depletion.

Percentage of assessed population categorized in Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Phase 3 (Crisis), Phase 4 (Emergency), or Phase 5 (Catastrophe), requiring urgent emergency food assistance.

Protection & GBV Risk Gaps

Protection Cluster (Child Protection / GBV AoR) • UNHCR / UNICEF / UNFPA

58.1%

SEVERE

Official Benchmark: IASC Guidelines: 100% of displacement facilities must provide gender-segregated, lockable sanitation and active protection referral desks.

Percentage of displacement sites reporting unaccompanied or separated minors, absent child-friendly safe spaces, or lack of gender-segregated illuminated sanitation facilities causing elevated GBV vulnerability.

Primary Healthcare Gap

Health Cluster • WHO / Ethiopian Ministry of Health

46.5%

SEVERE

Official Benchmark: WHO Standard: 1 functioning basic health unit per 10,000 population within 1 hour walking distance.

Percentage of displacement sites where the nearest functioning primary healthcare post or mobile outreach health clinic is located more than 5 kilometers away or non-functional due to conflict damage.

Multi-Sector Humanitarian Needs Matrix

Independent sectoral deficit percentages across verified displacement sites (OCHA HNO & IOM DTM).

Critical (>60%)Severe (40–60%)Moderate (20–40%)Unassessed

Regional State	Shelter Deficit	WASH Deficit	Food IPC 3+	Protection Gap	Health Gap	IPC Phase
Tigray 1,025,400 IDPs (684 sites)	78.5%	61.2%	68%	74.3%	59.4%	Phase 4
Somali 612,300 IDPs (478 sites)	66.8%	82.4%	71.5%	51.2%	64.7%	Phase 4
Oromia 734,500 IDPs (562 sites)	58.2%	49.3%	44.1%	61.5%	39.8%	Phase 3
Amhara 582,100 IDPs (421 sites)	64%	52.8%	46.2%	57.6%	48.1%	Phase 3
Afar 132,400 IDPs (142 sites)	52.1%	74.2%	63.8%	46.5%	68.3%	Phase 4
Benishangul-Gumuz 84,200 IDPs (96 sites)	54.3%	41.5%	38.6%	49%	42.1%	Phase 3
Gambela 64,100 IDPs (78 sites)	47.9%	38.4%	42%	52.8%	36.5%	Phase 3
South Ethiopia / Central 67,500 IDPs (84 sites)	39.2%	32.1%	28.5%	34.6%	29.3%	Phase 2

Tigray Humanitarian Needs Profile

684 ASSESSED SITES

Citation: IOM DTM R37 & OCHA HNO Tigray Cluster Needs Overview • Assessment Cycle: August 2024

IDP Caseload: 1,025,400

Emergency Shelter & NFI78.5%

Severe damage to public schools and makeshift camp structures; high congestion.

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene61.2%

Groundwater motorized pumps non-functional due to electrical grid outages.

Food Security & Nutrition68%

Agricultural input deficits and supply disruption; severe food consumption deficits.

Child & Gender Protection74.3%

Unaccompanied children separated during conflict; high psychosocial trauma demand.

Priority Cluster Action Demands:

School congestion preventing educational resumption
Critical food consumption gap under IPC Phase 4
Psychosocial and specialized child protection gaps

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Technical Reference

IPC acute food insecurity classification follows a standardized 5-phase scale agreed upon by FEWS NET, WFP, FAO, and cluster partners:

Phase 1: MinimalHouseholds meet basic food needs without coping strategies.

Phase 2: StressedMinimally adequate food consumption; unable to afford non-food assets.

Phase 3: CrisisCritical food consumption gaps with elevated acute malnutrition.

Phase 4: EmergencyLarge food gaps with high acute malnutrition and excess mortality.

Phase 5: CatastropheComplete lack of food/coping options; famine thresholds reached.